A Guide to Molecular Characterization of Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus: Essential and Alternative Genome Markers

Author:

Mazloum Ali1ORCID,van Schalkwyk Antoinette23ORCID,Chernyshev Roman1ORCID,Igolkin Alexey1ORCID,Heath Livio2,Sprygin Alexander1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Federal Center for Animal Health, 600901 Vladimir, Russia

2. Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, 100 Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa

3. Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa

Abstract

African swine fever is a contagious viral disease that has been spreading through Europe and Asia since its initial report from Georgia in 2007. Due to the large genome size of the causative agent, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), the molecular epidemiology, and virus evolution are analyzed by employing different markers. Most of these markers originate from single nucleotide polymorphisms or disparities in the copy number of tandem repeat sequences observed during the comparisons of full genome sequences produced from ASFVs isolated during different outbreaks. Therefore, consistent complete genome sequencing and comparative analysis of the sequence data are important to add innovative genomic markers that contribute to the delineation of ASFV phylogeny and molecular epidemiology during active circulation in the field. In this study, the molecular markers currently employed to assess the genotype II ASFVs circulating in Europe and Asia have been outlined. The application of each of these markers to differentiate between ASFVs from related outbreaks is described to implement a guideline to their suitability for analyzing new outbreaks. These markers do not signify the complete repertoire of genomic differences between ASFVs, but will be beneficial when analyzing the first outbreaks in a new region or a large number of samples. Furthermore, new markers must be determined via complete genome sequence analyses for enabling in-depth insights into the molecular epidemiology of ASFV.

Funder

Ministry of Education and Science of Russia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

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