Detection and Characterization of Alongshan Virus in Ticks and Tick Saliva from Lower Saxony, Germany with Serological Evidence for Viral Transmission to Game and Domestic Animals

Author:

Ebert Cara Leonie12,Söder Lars3,Kubinski Mareike2,Glanz Julien12,Gregersen Eva3,Dümmer Katrin2,Grund Domenic12,Wöhler Ann-Sophie12,Könenkamp Laura24,Liebig Katrin12,Knoll Steffen1,Hellhammer Fanny12ORCID,Topp Anna-Katharina1,Becher Paul3ORCID,Springer Andrea1ORCID,Strube Christina1ORCID,Nagel-Kohl Uschi5,Nordhoff Marcel6,Steffen Imke4ORCID,Bauer Benjamin Ulrich7ORCID,Ganter Martin7ORCID,Feige Karsten8,Becker Stefanie C.12,Boelke Mathias12

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany

2. Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany

3. Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany

4. Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany

5. Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Eintrachtweg 17, 30173 Hanover, Germany

6. Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Philosophenweg 38, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany

7. Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany

8. Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 9, 30559 Hanover, Germany

Abstract

The newly discovered group of Jingmenviruses has been shown to infect a wide range of hosts and has been associated with febrile illness in humans. During a survey for Jingmenviruses in ticks from Lower Saxony, Germany, Alongshan virus (ALSV) was identified in Ixodes spp. ticks. Additional virus screenings revealed the presence of ALSV in the bodies and saliva of ticks collected at several locations in Lower Saxony. Vector competence studies that included Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus validated the replication of ALSV within those tick species. In vitro feeding experiments with ALSV-injected Ixodes ricinus demonstrated effective viral transmission during blood feeding. To evaluate the potential viral transmission during a natural blood meal, sera from wild game and domestic animals were investigated. One serum sample from a red deer was found to be positive for ALSV RNA, while serological screenings in game and domestic animals revealed the presence of ALSV-specific antibodies at different locations in Lower Saxony. Overall, those results demonstrate the broad distribution of ALSV in ticks in Lower Saxony and hypothesize frequent exposure to animals based on serological investigations. Hence, its potential risk to human and animal health requires further investigation.

Funder

BMBF

DFG

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

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