Trypanosome Infections and Anemia in Cattle Returning from Transhumance in Tsetse-Infested Areas of Cameroon
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Published:2023-03-09
Issue:3
Volume:11
Page:712
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ISSN:2076-2607
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Container-title:Microorganisms
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Microorganisms
Author:
Farikou Oumarou1, Simo Gustave2, Njiokou Flobert3, Kamé Ngassé Ginette Irma4ORCID, Achiri Fru Martin5, Geiger Anne6
Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMS), University of Bamenda, Bambili P.O. Box 39, Cameroon 2. Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box. 67, Cameroon 3. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaounde I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon 4. Institute of Medical Research and Plant Medicinal Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon 5. Special Mission for Tsetse Fly Eradication, Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries, Ngaoundere P.O. BOX 812, Cameroon 6. Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement, UMR INTERTRYP, 34398 Montpellier, France
Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the anemic status and the use of an immunological test and PCR-based methods to determine the infection rates of trypanosomes species. Transhumance aims to provide cattle with greener pastures and greater water resources than in the Djerem region during the dry season. Two criteria were used to assess the health status of the animals, the prevalence of trypanosomiasis and the level of anemia. In addition, we have evaluated the effectiveness, in trypanosomiasis detection, of the Very Diag Kit (CEVA Santé animale), a Rapid diagnosis test (RDT) based on immunological identification of T. congolense s.l. and T. vivax, responsible for AAT. Four trypanosome species (Trypanosoma congolense savannah type (Tcs), T. congolense forest type (Tcf), T. brucei s.l. (Tbr) and T. vivax (Tvx)) were identified in cattle sampled in four villages. The overall infection rate determined by PCR (68.6%) was much higher than those generally reported in cattle from the Adamawa region (35 to 50%). Infections (including mixed infections) by Tc s.l. (Tcs + Tcf) were predominant (45.7%). The infection rates were also determined using the Very Diag Kit allowing us to identify Tc s.l. and Tvx in the field in less than 20 min. This method provided, for the global infection, a higher rate (76.5%) than that determined by PCR (68.6%), although it is supposed to be less sensitive than PCR. Tc s.l. infection rate (37.8%) was similar to that (38.8%) determined by PCR (Tcs + Tcf single infections). In contrast, the prevalence of Tvx single infections measured by RDT (18%) was nearly two-fold higher than that (9.4%) measured by PCR. Thus, further comparative analyses seem to be needed in order to more accurately assess the sensitivity and specificity of the Very Diag test under our conditions of use on blood samples. The mean PCVs in trypanosome-infected as well as in uninfected cattle were below 25%, the threshold below which an animal is considered anemic. Our study shows that cattle return from transhumance in poor health. It raises questions about its real benefit, especially since the herds are themselves likely to become vectors of trypanosomiasis and possibly of other diseases. At least, effective measures have to be undertaken to treat all cattle coming back from transhumance.
Subject
Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology
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