Acinetobacter baumannii Bloodstream Infections in the COVID-19 Era: A Comparative Analysis between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic increased the incidence of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens among critically ill patients, such as Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), whose bloodstream infections (BSIs) have been associated with significant mortality. Whether there is any difference in outcome between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients with AB BSI still remains unknown. We conducted a retrospective study comparing clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 critically ill patients with AB BSI. Overall, 133 patients with AB BSI (102 COVID-19, 31 non-COVID-19) were studied. The 28-day mortality rate was high and did not differ significantly (69.6% COVID-19 vs. 61.3% non-COVID-19, p = 0.275). Patients with septic shock had a higher mortality rate irrespective of their status with the majority of deaths occurring during the first 7 days. COVID-19 patients were more likely to have ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) as the source of BSI (55.8% vs. 22.3%, respectively, p = 0.0001) and were more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (78.4% vs. 48.4%, respectively, p = 0.001), sepsis (86.3% vs. 67.7%, respectively, p = 0.03), and septic shock (88.3% vs. 58.1%, respectively, p = 0.007) compared to the non-COVID-19 patient group. In conclusion, COVID-19 patients with A. baumannii BSI have a high rate of mortality and more often develop septic shock, while VAP is the main origin of their BSI.