Altered Gut Microbiota Composition Is Associated with Difficulty in Explicit Emotion Regulation in Young Children

Author:

Fujihara Hideaki12ORCID,Matsunaga Michiko123ORCID,Ueda Eriko12ORCID,Kajiwara Takamasa1,Takeda Aya K.4ORCID,Watanabe Satoshi4ORCID,Baba Kairi4,Hagihara Keisuke3,Myowa Masako1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

2. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan

3. Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2 Chome-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan

4. Cykinso, Inc., 1-36-1 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan

Abstract

Executive function (EF) consists of explicit emotion regulation (EER) and cognitive control (CC). Childhood EER in particular predicts mental and physical health in adulthood. Identifying factors affecting EER development has implications for lifelong physical and mental health. Gut microbiota (GM) has attracted attention as a potential biomarker for risk of physical and mental problems in adulthood. Furthermore, GM is related to brain function/structure, which plays a crucial role in emotional processing. However, little is known about how GM compositions are associated with the development of emotion regulation in early childhood. Therefore, in this study, we examined 257 children aged 3–4 to investigate links between GM and risk to EF. EF was measured using the Mother-Reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Preschool version. GM composition (alpha/beta diversity and genus abundance) was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared between EF-risk and non-risk groups. Our results show that children with EER-risk (an index of inhibitory self-control) had a higher abundance of the genera Actinomyces and Sutterella. Although we have not established a direct link between GM and CC risk, our findings indicate that GM of preschoolers is closely associated with emotional processing and that EERrisk children have more inflammation-related bacteria.

Funder

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Moonshot Research and Development Program

Center of Innovation Program, JST

Kieikai Research Foundation

JST SPRING

Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

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