Antibodies to Combat Fungal Infections: Development Strategies and Progress

Author:

Rabaan Ali A.123ORCID,Alfaraj Amal H.4,Alshengeti Amer56ORCID,Alawfi Abdulsalam5,Alwarthan Sara7,Alhajri Mashael7,Al-Najjar Amal H.8ORCID,Al Fares Mona A.9ORCID,Najim Mustafa A.10,Almuthree Souad A.11,AlShurbaji Sultan T.12,Alofi Fadwa S.13,AlShehail Bashayer M.14ORCID,AlYuosof Buthina15,Alynbiawi Ahlam16,Alzayer Suha A.17,Al Kaabi Nawal18ORCID,Abduljabbar Wesam A.19,Bukhary Zakiyah A.20,Bueid Ahmed S.21

Affiliation:

1. Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia

2. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia

3. Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan

4. Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi Arabia

5. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia

6. Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia

7. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia

8. Drug & Poison Information Center, Pharmacy Department, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia

9. Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

10. Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia

11. Department of Infectious Disease, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 43442, Saudi Arabia

12. Outpatient Pharmacy, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh 91877, Saudi Arabia

13. Department of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia

14. Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia

15. Directorate of Public Health, Dammam Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia

16. Infectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia

17. Parasitology Laboratory Department, Qatif Comprehensive Inspection Center, Qatif 31911, Saudi Arabia

18. Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates

19. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah 21134, Saudi Arabia

20. Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah 23325, Saudi Arabia

21. Microbiology Laboratory, King Faisal General Hospital, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The finding that some mAbs are antifungal suggests that antibody immunity may play a key role in the defense of the host against mycotic infections. The discovery of antibodies that guard against fungi is a significant advancement because it gives rise to the possibility of developing vaccinations that trigger protective antibody immunity. These vaccines might work by inducing antibody opsonins that improve the function of non-specific (such as neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells) and specific (such as lymphocyte) cell-mediated immunity and stop or aid in eradicating fungus infections. The ability of antibodies to defend against fungi has been demonstrated by using monoclonal antibody technology to reconsider the function of antibody immunity. The next step is to develop vaccines that induce protective antibody immunity and to comprehend the mechanisms through which antibodies mediate protective effects against fungus.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

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