Changes in the Ultrastructure of Candida albicans Treated with Cationic Peptides

Abstract

Candida albicans is becoming increasingly harmful for humans, which determines the need for new effective antifungal preparations. Currently, when testing antifungals, various morphological methods are used, among which transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is not the leading one. In this work, we used TEM to study the submicroscopic changes in C. albicans cells induced by cationic peptides R9F2 and (KFF)3K. Studies were performed on C. albicans-34 strain from the Collection of EMTC of ICBFM SB RAS in logarithmic phase. R9F2 and (KFF)3K showed an antifungal effect (MIC 10 and 20 μM) and suppressed fungal hyphal growth. Semithin and ultrathin sections of fungal suspensions incubated with 10 μM of peptides were studied at regular intervals from 15 min to 24 h. The first target of both peptides was plasmalemma, and its “alignment” was the only common morphological manifestation of their effect. Other changes in the plasmalemma and alteration of the vacuole and cell wall ultrastructure distinctly differed in cells treated with R9F2 and (KFF)3K peptides. In general, our work has shown pronounced differences of the temporal and morphologic characteristics of the effect of peptides, evidently related to their physicochemical properties. The benefit of TEM studies of ultrathin sections for understanding the mechanisms of action of antifungal drugs is shown.