Wake Management in Wind Farms: An Adaptive Control Approach

Abstract

Advanced wind measuring systems like Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is useful for wake management in wind farms. However, due to uncertainty in estimating the parameters involved, adaptive control of wake center is needed for a wind farm layout. LiDAR is used to track the wake center trajectory so as to perform wake control simulations, and the estimated effective wind speed is used to model wind farms in the form of transfer functions. A wake management strategy is proposed for multi-wind turbine system where the effect of upstream turbines is modeled in form of effective wind speed deficit on a downstream wind turbine. The uncertainties in the wake center model are handled by an adaptive PI controller which steers wake center to desired value. Yaw angle of upstream wind turbines is varied in order to redirect the wake and several performance parameters such as effective wind speed, velocity deficit and effective turbulence are evaluated for an effective assessment of the approach. The major contributions of this manuscript include transfer function based methodology where the wake center is estimated and controlled using LiDAR simulations at the downwind turbine and are validated for a 2-turbine and 5-turbine wind farm layouts.