A Comparison of the Influence of Kraft Lignin and the Kraft Lignin/Silica System as Cell Carriers on the Stability and Efficiency of the Anaerobic Digestion Process

Abstract

This study compares the effects of pure kraft lignin and the kraft lignin/silica system (1:4 by weight). The comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of both carriers showed that the kraft lignin/silica system was characterised by better properties. The experiment conducted in the study involved continuous anaerobic digestion under mesophilic conditions. Three samples were degraded in the following order: (i) sewage sludge (SS), (ii) SS with the addition of kraft lignin, and (iii) SS with the addition of the kraft lignin/silica system. A quantitative analysis of the digestate samples was carried out by means of in situ fluorescence. It showed more intense proliferation of microorganisms in the SS + kraft lignin/silica variant than in the sample with pure kraft lignin. The highest amount of biogas was obtained in the SS + kraft lignin/silica variant (689 m3 Mg−1 VS, including 413 m3 Mg−1 VS of methane; VS—volatile solids). There were comparable amounts of biogas in the SS variant (526 m3 Mg−1 VS of biogas, including 51% of methane) and the SS + kraft lignin variant (586 m3 Mg−1 VS of biogas, including 54% of methane). The research clearly showed that the material with a high share of silica was an effective cell carrier.