Effects of Recreational Therapy and 3D Ultrasonography for High-Risk Pregnancies on Psychological Well-Being during Hospitalization and in the Puerperal Phase

Abstract

Hospitalization during pregnancy often produces psychosocial distress for pregnant women. In this study, 3D ultrasound and recreational therapy were compared to the standard treatment for their influence on depressive symptoms and anxiety. In this prospective one-year intervention study, women who were admitted to the hospital for any pregnancy complication, other than psychiatric, were included. A control group, with standard clinical treatment, and two intervention groups, both additionally receiving either 3D ultrasound or recreational therapy, were established. Psychological well-being was assessed at defined times by the PHQ-health-questionnaire. A total of 169/211 women were included: control group n = 79, 3D ultrasound group n = 43, and crochet group n = 83. A higher than estimated underlying depression was seen for all women on admission. The intervention groups showed less depression (p = 0.02762). No difference was seen between the intervention groups (p = 0.23029). Anxiety decreased throughout intervention, but not significantly. On admission, all women showed similar results of underlying depression, indicating that hospitalization itself already causes mild psychological stress. Both interventions decreased depressive symptoms. Intervention with either recreational therapy or 3D ultrasound can prevent the development of mild and major depression and decrease anxiety disorders, and therefore has a positive effect on well-being during hospitalization. These results emphasize the need to implement forms of interventions to improve the well-being of women, as this might improve pregnancy and neonatal outcome.