Efficacy of Insulin Titration Driven by SMS in Improving Glycemic Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the self-management of insulin titration based on information received by the Short Message Service (SMS). Methods: A case-control study including 59 subjects in each arm with 16 weeks of follow-up was performed. The inclusion criteria were: (1) Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) under basal insulin treatment; (2) Suboptimal glycemic control: HbA1c ≥ 7.5% and fasting capillary blood glucose (FCBG) > 140 mg/dL (>3 times per week). Subjects were invited to use an insulin titration service based on SMS feedback aimed at optimizing glycemic control depending on fasting blood glucose levels. Psychological aspects were evaluated in the interventional group by means of validated questionnaires (DDS, HADS and SF-12). Results: The intervention group achieved a lower mean FCBG (126 mg/dL ± 34 vs. 149 mg/dL ± 46, p = 0.001) and lower HbA1c (7.5% ± 1.3 vs. 7.9% ± 0.9, p = 0.021) than the control group. In addition, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in psychological aspects related to Emotional Burden (p = 0.031), Regimen Distress (p < 0.001), Depression (p = 0.049) and Mental Health (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The SMS-guided titration was effective in terms of improving glucometric parameters in comparison with the standard of care and improved significant psychological aspects—mainly, the stress associated with insulin treatment