Elucidating the Role of OXPHOS Variants in Asthenozoospermia: Insights from Whole Genome Sequencing and an In Silico Analysis

Abstract

Infertility is a global health challenge that affects an estimated 72.4 million people worldwide. Between 30 and 50% of these cases involve male factors, showcasing the complex nature of male infertility, which can be attributed to both environmental and genetic determinants. Asthenozoospermia, a condition characterized by reduced sperm motility, stands out as a significant contributor to male infertility. This study explores the involvement of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, crucial for ATP production and sperm motility, in asthenozoospermia. Through whole-genome sequencing and in silico analysis, our aim was to identify and characterize OXPHOS gene variants specific to individuals with asthenozoospermia. Our analysis identified 680,099 unique variants, with 309 located within OXPHOS genes. Nine of these variants were prioritized due to their significant implications, such as potential associations with diseases, effects on gene expression, protein function, etc. Interestingly, none of these variants had been previously associated with male infertility, opening up new avenues for research. Thus, through our comprehensive approach, we provide valuable insights into the genetic factors that influence sperm motility, laying the foundation for future research in the field of male infertility.