SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Effectiveness in Hospitalized Patients: A Multicenter Test-Negative Case–Control Study

Author:

Thirión-Romero Ireri1ORCID,Fernández-Plata Rosario1ORCID,Pérez-Kawabe Midori1ORCID,Meza-Meneses Patricia A.2ORCID,Castro-Fuentes Carlos Alberto2ORCID,Rivera-Martínez Norma E.3ORCID,Barrón-Palma Eira Valeria4,Sánchez-Sandoval Ana Laura4ORCID,Cornejo-Juárez Patricia5,Sepúlveda-Delgado Jesús6ORCID,Torres-Erazo Darwin Stalin7ORCID,Pérez-Padilla José Rogelio1

Affiliation:

1. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico

2. Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico

3. Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Oaxaca (HRAEO), C. Aldama s/n, Paraje El Tule, San Bartolo Coyotepec 71294, Oaxaca, Mexico

4. Hospital General de México (HGM) Eduardo Liceaga, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City 06720, Mexico

5. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN), Av. San Fernando 22, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico

6. Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ciudad Salud (HRAECS), Carretera Tapachula Puerto Madero S/N km. 15 + 200, Carretera Federal 225, Col. Los Toros, Tapachula 30830, Chiapas, Mexico

7. Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), C. 20 119, Col. Altabrisa, Merida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico

Abstract

Background: Phase III clinical trials have documented the efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preventing symptomatic COVID-19. Nonetheless, it is imperative to continue analyzing the clinical response to different vaccines in real-life studies. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of five different vaccines in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the third COVID-19 outbreak in Mexico dominated by the Delta variant. Methods: A test-negative case–control study was performed in nine tertiary-care hospitals for COVID-19. We estimated odds ratios (OR) adjusted by variables related a priori with the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity. Results: We studied 761 subjects, 371 cases, and 390 controls with a mean age of 53 years (SD, 17 years). Overall, 51% had a complete vaccination scheme, and an incomplete scheme (one dose from a scheme of two), 14%. After adjustment for age, gender, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, we found that the effectiveness of avoiding a SARS-CoV-2 infection when hospitalized with at least one vaccination dose was 71% (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.19–0.45), that of an incomplete vaccination scheme, 67% (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.62), and that of any complete vaccination scheme, 73% (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17–0.43). Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program showed effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients during a Delta variant outbreak.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Immunology

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