Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by an Inactivated Recombinant Avian Influenza A/H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) Vaccine against Co-Circulating Influenza A/H5Nx Viruses
Author:
Mahmoud Sara H.1, Khalil Ahmed A.2ORCID, Abo Shama Noura M.1, El Sayed Marwa F.3, Soliman Reem A.3, Hagag Naglaa M.4, Yehia Nahed4ORCID, Naguib Mahmoud M.45ORCID, Arafa Abdel-Sattar4ORCID, Ali Mohamed A.1, El-Safty Mounir M.3, Mostafa Ahmed16
Affiliation:
1. Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt 2. Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Abbasia, Cairo 11381, Egypt 3. Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Abbasia, Cairo 11517, Egypt 4. Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt 5. Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden 6. Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
Abstract
Controlling avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is mainly based on culling of the infected bird flocks or via the implementation of inactivated vaccines in countries where AIVs are considered to be endemic. Over the last decade, several avian influenza virus subtypes, including highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2, H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b and the recent H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, have been reported among poultry populations in Egypt. This demanded the utilization of a nationwide routine vaccination program in the poultry sector. Antigenic differences between available avian influenza vaccines and the currently circulating H5Nx strains were reported, calling for an updated vaccine for homogenous strains. In this study, three H5Nx vaccines were generated by utilizing the reverse genetic system: rgH5N1_2.3.4.4, rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2. Further, the immunogenicity and the cross-reactivity of the generated inactivated vaccines were assessed in the chicken model against a panel of homologous and heterologous H5Nx HPAIVs. Interestingly, the rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 induced high immunogenicity in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken and could efficiently protect immunized chickens against challenge infection with HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4, H5N8_2.3.4.4 and H5N1_2.2.1.2. In parallel, the rgH5N1_2.2.1.2 could partially protect SPF chickens against infection with HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4 and H5N8_2.3.4.4. Conversely, the raised antibodies to rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 could provide full protection against HPAIV H5N1_2.3.4.4 and HPAIV H5N8_2.3.4.4, and partial protection (60%) against HPAIV H5N1_2.2.1.2. Compared to rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2 vaccines, chickens vaccinated with rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 showed lower viral shedding following challenge infection with the predefined HPAIVs. These data emphasize the superior immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of the rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 in comparison to rgH5N8_2.3.4.4 and rgH5N1_2.2.1.2.
Funder
National Strategy for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Egypt Egyptian National Research Centre Carl Trygger Stiftelse Clas Groschinskys Minnesfond Åke Wibergs Stiftelse Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development-FORMAS
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Immunology
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