SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies to B.1 and to BA.5 Variant after Booster Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine in HIV Patients COVID-Naïve and on Successful Antiretroviral Therapy

Author:

Vicenti Ilaria1ORCID,Basso Monica2,Pirola Nicole2,Bragato Beatrice2,Rossi Maria Cristina3,Giobbia Mario3,Pascoli Susanna4,Vinci Antonio5ORCID,Caputo Sara2,Varasi Ilenia1,Biba Camilla1,Fiaschi Lia1ORCID,Zazzi Maurizio1ORCID,Parisi Saverio Giuseppe2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy

2. Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy

3. Infectious Diseases Unit, Treviso Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy

4. Microbiology Unit, Department of Specialist and Laboratory Medicine, Ca’ Foncello University Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy

5. Hospital Health Management Area, Local Health Authority “Roma 1”, Borgo Santo Spirito 3, 00193 Rome, Italy

Abstract

Live virus neutralization is the gold standard to investigate immunity. This prospective observational study aimed to determine the magnitude of response against the original B.1 lineage and against the BA.5 lineage six months after the third BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine dose in patients with HIV infection on successful antiretroviral treatment and no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 100 subjects (M/F 83/17, median age 54 years) were included in the analysis: 95 had plasma HIV RNA <40 copies/mL, the median CD4+ T cell count at the administration of the third dose was 580 cells/mm3, and the median nadir CD4+ T cell count was 258 cells/mm3. Neutralizing antibodies (NtAb) against B.1 were detectable in all the subjects, but those to BA.5 were only detected in 88 (p < 0.001). The median NtAb titer to B.1 was significantly higher than that to BA.5 (393 vs. 60, p < 0.0001), and there was a strong positive correlation between the paired measurements (p < 0.0001). Linear regression on a subset of 87 patients excluding outlier NtAb titers showed that 48% of the changes in NtAb titers to BA.5 are related to the changes in value titers to B.1. SARS-CoV-2 variants evolve rapidly, challenging the efficacy of vaccines, and data on comparative NtAb responses may help in tailoring intervals between vaccine doses and in predicting vaccine efficacy.

Funder

University of Padua

EuCARE Project funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Immunology

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