Evaluation of IL-35, as a Possible Biomarker for Follow-Up after Therapy, in Chronic Human Schistosoma Infection
Author:
Marascio Nadia1ORCID, Loria Maria Teresa1, Pavia Grazia1ORCID, Peronace Cinzia1, Adams Neill James1, Campolo Morena1, Divenuto Francesca1, Lamberti Angelo Giuseppe1ORCID, Giancotti Aida1, Barreca Giorgio Settimo1, Mazzitelli Maria2, Trecarichi Enrico Maria3ORCID, Torti Carlo3ORCID, Perandin Francesca4ORCID, Bisoffi Zeno4ORCID, Quirino Angela1, Matera Giovanni1
Affiliation:
1. Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy 2. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy 3. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University—“Mater Domini” Teaching Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy 4. Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy
Abstract
The host response to helminth infections is characterized by systemic and tissue-related immune responses that play a crucial role in pathological diseases. Recently, experimental studies have highlighted the role of regulatory T (Tregs) and B (Bregs) cells with secreted cytokines as important markers in anti-schistosomiasis immunity. We investigated the serical levels of five cytokines (TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-35) in pre- and post-treatment samples from chronic Schistosoma infected patients to identify potential serological markers during follow-up therapy. Interestingly, we highlighted an increased serum level of IL-35 in the pre-therapy samples (median 439 pg/mL for Schistosoma haematobium and 100.5 pg/mL for Schistsoma mansoni infected patients) compared to a control group (median 62 pg/mL and 58 pg/mL, respectively, p ≤ 0.05), and a significantly lower concentration in post-therapy samples (181 pg/mL for S. haematobium and 49.5 pg/mL for S. mansoni infected patients, p ≤ 0.05). The present study suggests the possible role of IL-35 as a novel serological biomarker in the evaluation of Schistosoma therapy follow-up.
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Immunology
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