Understanding Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Hesitancy in Racial and Ethnic Minority Caregivers

Author:

Baumer-Mouradian Shannon H.ORCID,Hart Rebecca J.,Visotcky Alexis,Fraser Raphael,Prasad Swathi,Levas Michael,Nimmer Mark,Brousseau David C.

Abstract

(1) Background: We compared influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy levels in Black, Hispanic, and White parents/caregivers and identified barriers and facilitators to vaccine acceptance. (2) Methods: This was a mixed methods study. A cross-sectional survey of ED caregivers presenting with children 6mo–18yo compared vaccine hesitancy levels among diverse caregivers. Six focus groups of survey participants, stratified by caregiver race/ethnicity and caregiver intent to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, assessed facilitators and barriers of vaccination, with thematic coding using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). (3) Results: Surveys (n = 589) revealed Black caregivers had significantly higher vaccine hesitancy rates than White caregivers for pediatric influenza (42% versus 21%) and SARS-CoV-2 (63% versus 36%; both p < 0.05). Hispanic caregivers were more hesitant than White caregivers (37% flu and 58% SARS-CoV-2), but this was not significant. Qualitative analysis (n = 23 caregivers) identified barriers including vaccine side effects, lack of necessity, inadequate data/science, and distrust. Facilitators included vaccine convenience, fear of illness, and desire to protect others. (4) Conclusions: Minority caregivers reported higher levels of vaccine hesitancy for influenza and SARS-CoV-2. We identified vaccine facilitators and barriers inclusive of Black and Hispanic caregivers, which may guide interventions designed to equitably improve acceptance of pediatric vaccines.

Funder

Children’s Research Institute of Children’s Wisconsin

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Immunology

Reference34 articles.

1. Racial and/or Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Children;Pediatrics,2020

2. Race/Ethnicity among Children with COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome;JAMA Netw. Open,2020

3. Disparities in COVID-19 Associated Hospitalizations (2022, January 14). Online Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Updated 30 December 2021, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/racial-ethnic-disparities/disparities-hospitalization.html.

4. Rates of Influenza-Associated Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and In-Hospital Death by Race and Ethnicity in the United States from 2009 to 2019;JAMA Netw. Open,2021

5. (2022, June 09). Flu Vaccination Coverage, United States, 2020–2021 Influenza Season. FluVax, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-2021estimates.htm.

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