Timing of Assessment of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity after Influenza Vaccination-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Timing of Assessment of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity after Influenza Vaccination

Published:2024-05-27 Issue:6 Volume:12 Page:584
ISSN:2076-393X
Container-title:Vaccines
language:en
Short-container-title:Vaccines

Author:

Otani Naruhito¹²,Nakajima Kazuhiko²,Yamada Kumiko²,Ishikawa Kaori²,Ichiki Kaoru²,Ueda Takashi²^ORCID,Takesue Yoshio²,Yamamoto Takuma³,Higasa Satoshi⁴,Tanimura Susumu⁵^ORCID,Inai Yuta⁶,Okuno Toshiomi⁷

Affiliation:

1. Department of Public Health, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan

2. Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan

3. Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan

4. Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan

5. Department of Public Health Nursing, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Mie, Japan

6. The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji 768-0065, Kagawa, Japan

7. Department of Microbiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan

Abstract

Assessment of the immune response to influenza vaccines should include an assessment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the timing of immunological assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immunity after vaccination. Therefore, we investigated the timing of immunological assessments after vaccination using markers of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. In the 2018/2019 influenza season, blood was collected from 29 healthy adults before and after vaccination with a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, and we performed serial measurements of humoral immunity (hemagglutination inhibition [HAI] and neutralizing antibody [NT]) and cell-mediated immunity (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]). The HAI and NT titers before and after vaccination were strongly correlated, but no correlation was observed between the markers of cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The geometric mean titer and geometric mean concentration of humoral and cellular immune markers increased within 2 weeks after vaccination and had already declined by 8 weeks. This study suggests that the optimal time to assess the immune response is 2 weeks after vaccination. Appropriately timed immunological assessments can help ensure that vaccination is effective.

Funder

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI

Hyogo Medical University Grant for Research Promotion

Publisher

MDPI AG

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/6/584/pdf

Reference29 articles.

1. National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) (2019). Influenza 2018/2019 Season. IASR, 40, 177–179. Available online: https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/en/865-iasr/9288-477te.html.

2. National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) (2024, April 25). Isolation/Detection of Influenza Viruses during the 2018/2019 Influenza Season. Table 2, Available online: https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/images/iasr/2019/11/477tt02.gif.

3. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2024, April 25). US Flu VE Data for 2018–2019, Available online: https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/flu/vaccines-work/2018-2019.html.

4. Spread of antigenically drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses and vaccine effectiveness in the United States during the 2018–2019 season;Flannery;J. Infect. Dis.,2020

5. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2024, April 25). Flu News Europe. Summary Week 3/2019 (14–20 January 2019). Available online: https://flunewseurope.org/Archives.