1. School of Journalism and Communication, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
2. Institute of Media and Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
3. Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
4. Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Republic of Korea
5. Intercultural Communication Research Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China