Worldwide Child Routine Vaccination Hesitancy Rate among Parents of Children Aged 0–6 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies

Abstract

Routine vaccine hesitancy is a major global health challenge observed in over 190 countries worldwide. This meta-analysis aims to determine the worldwide prevalence of routine vaccination hesitancy among parents of children aged 0–6. An extensive search was conducted in four scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they reported hesitancy related to WHO-recommended routine immunizations for children under 7 years of age. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed using the OpenMeta[Analyst] software. An initial search retrieved 5121 articles, of which only 23 publications, involving 29,131 parents, guardians, and caregivers from over 30 countries met the inclusion criteria and quality assessment. The cumulative prevalence of parental vaccine hesitancy was found to be 21.1% (95% CI = 17.5–24.7%, I2 = 98.86%, p < 0.001). When stratifying the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy per WHO region, significant variations were observed, ranging from 13.3% (95% CI = 6.7–19.9%, I2 = 97.72%, p < 0.001) in the Region of the Americas to 27.9% (95% CI = 24.3–31.4%) in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The study findings highlight the need for healthcare providers and governments to develop and improve comprehensive programs with communication strategies to reduce parental vaccine hesitancy.