Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus: Survival and Disinfection Efficacy on Common Glasshouse Surfaces
Author:
Skelton Anna1ORCID, Frew Leanne1, Ward Richard1, Hodgson Rachel1, Forde Stephen1, McDonough Sam1, Webster Gemma1ORCID, Chisnall Kiera1ORCID, Mynett Mary1, Buxton-Kirk Adam1, Fowkes Aimee R.1ORCID, Weekes Rebecca1, Fox Adrian1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Fera Science Limited, York Biotech Campus, York YO41 1LZ, UK
Abstract
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a contact-transmitted tobamovirus affecting many tomato growing regions of the world. This study investigated the effects of different glasshouse surfaces on the survival of the virus; the efficacy of different disinfectants; and heat treatment against ToBRFV (surfaces included steel, aluminium, hard plastic, polythene, glass and concrete). A bioassay followed by ELISA was used to check virus viability. ToBRFV survived for at least 7 days on all surfaces tested and on some for at least 6 months. The virus survived for over two hours on hands and gloves. Hand washing was shown to be unreliable for the removal of the virus. Glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants were effective at one hour on all surfaces. Some other disinfectants were effective at one hour of contact time, on all surfaces except concrete. Sodium hypochlorite was partially effective against ToBRFV, even on concrete. A 5 min soak of plastic trays in water at 90 °C was effective at denaturing ToBRFV; however, 5 min at 70 °C was not. Heating infected sap showed the thermal inactivation point to be 90 °C, confirming the hot water treatment results and showing that deactivation was due to the heat treatment and not a washing effect of the water.
Funder
Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board Defra-Fera Long Term Service Agreement
Subject
Virology,Infectious Diseases
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