Mathematical Modelling for Furnace Design Refining Molten Aluminum

Abstract

The design of an aluminium melting furnace has faced two challenges: mathematical modelling and simulative optimization. This paper first uses fluid dynamics to model the aluminium process mathematically. Then, the model is utilized to simulate a round shaped reverberatory furnace for melting aluminium alloys. In order to achieve the highest thermal efficiency of the furnace, modelling and simulation are performed to predict complex flow patterns, geometries, temperature profiles of the mixture-gas air through the main chamber, as well as the melting tower attached to the furnace. The results led to the establishment of optimal position and angle of the burner, which are validated through physical experiments, ensuring recirculation of the combustion gases through the melting chamber and the melting tower. Furthermore, a proper arrangement of refractory materials is derived to avoid heat losses through the outer surface of the furnace. Temperature profiles are also determined for the optimization to arrive at the final design of the furnace. Compared with manual designs previously practiced, the simulation-based optimal design of furnaces offers excellent guidance, an increase in the aluminium processing and magnesium removal for more refined alloys, and an increased processing rate of aluminium chip accession.