Evolution of the Incidence of Oral Cavity Cancers in the Elderly from 1990 to 2018

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the evolution of the incidence of oral cavity cancers (OCC) among elderly patients in France between 1990 and 2018 and to compare it to the incidence of other cancers sharing the same main risk factors. Material and Methods: The incidence of cancers in mainland France from 1990 to 2018 was estimated from incidence data observed in every cancer registry of the Francim network. Incidence was modeled by a 2-dimensional penalized spline of age and year of diagnosis, associated with a random effect corresponding to the registry. The elderly population was divided into two groups: 70–79 years old and ≥80 years old. Results: There was a 72% increase in the number of OCC cases in women over 70 years of age between the periods 1990–1999 and 2010–2018. As for men, there was a stabilization in the number of cases (+2%). Over the same period, for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers, there was a decrease in incidence in elderly men and an increase in elderly women, although less marked than for OCC. Conclusions: Since the 1990s, the incidence of OCC has been increasing in elderly subjects in France, particularly in women. Population aging and growth or alcohol and tobacco consumption alone do not seem to explain this increase, which is not observed in the same proportions for other upper aerodigestive tract cancer subsites sharing the same main risk factors.