Optimization of the Control of Electromagnetic Brakes in the Stand for Tuning Internal Combustion Engines Using ID Regulators of Fractional Order

Abstract

This work is aimed at developing a stand for tuning the fuel system of an internal combustion engine based on two electromagnetic retarders connected to the driving wheels of a car to simulate a load, and a microprocessor-based torque control system for each brake. In accordance with the terms of reference from the specialists of the automotive service center, such a stand should provide two main modes of operation: (1) stabilization of the speed of the drive wheels in the entire range of loads (fuel supply); (2) engine acceleration and deceleration according to linear tachograms in the range from minimum to maximum speed to determine the dependence of engine power and torque on speed. The purpose of this research is the synthesis of controllers, testing, the choice of the structural scheme, and the parameters of the control and data processing system in the stand for the precision tuning of internal combustion engines. Based on a preliminary analysis of the system, taking into account the mechanical connection of the wheels through the main gear and the car differential, the nonlinear dependence of the electromagnetic torque on the current and retarder speed, and subsequent experimental results, we obtained two types of controller—a third-order aperiodic transfer function and a fractional aperiodic transfer function of order 1.6. This made it possible to synthesize a family of controllers that ensure the operation of the stand in the required modes: synchronization of wheel speeds during engine acceleration; stabilization of the reference speed when the engine torque is changed from minimum to maximum due to fuel supply; measurement of the maximum power and torque of the internal combustion engine during the formation of a triangular tachogram with a given acceleration to compensate for the dynamic component of the torque due to mechanical inertia. The system with the PID controller configured in MATLAB in the “Tune” package has the best performance, but the smallest overshoot and the best dynamic accuracy are ensured by the PIDIγIµ fractional–integral controller, where the system is characterized by a fractional order of astaticism 1.6. Such a controller for each electromagnetic retarder serves as the basis of the microprocessor-based control, data acquisition, processing, graphical display system, and will also be used to develop a similar bench for tuning four-wheel-drive vehicles.