Diversity and Evolution of the Avirulence Gene AvrPi54 in Yunnan Rice Fields

Author:

Li Jinbin12ORCID,He Chengxing1,Dong Chao34567,Lu Lin8,He Chi12,Bi Yunqing1,Shi Zhufeng1,Fan Huacai12,Shi Junyi1,Wang Kaibo9,Zeng Zhen1,Luo Hengming1,Wang Qun12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China

2. Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China

3. Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS), Kunming 650205, China

4. Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming 650205, China

5. Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650205, China

6. Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China

7. Scientific Observation Station for Rice Germplasm Resources of Yunnan, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650205, China

8. Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China

9. Institute of Tea Science, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China

Abstract

Variance or complete loss of the avirulence gene (Avr) enables the pathogen to escape resistance protein (R) recognition. The field resistance effectiveness of the R gene is determined by its corresponding Avr gene in field isolates. To effectively deploy the rice blast R gene Pi54, the distribution, variation and evolution of the corresponding Avr gene, AvrPi54, were determined through PCR amplification, pathogenicity assay, gene sequences and evolutionary analysis. Among 451 Pyricularia isolates from rice and non-rice hosts, including Oryza rufipogon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine coracana, E. indica and Musa sp. in Yunnan province, the PCR amplification result showed that AvrPi54 alleles existed among 218 (48.3%) isolates including rice isolates, O. rufipogon isolates and E. coracana isolates. Pathogenicity assay showed that 336 (74.5%) isolates were avirulent to Tetep (holding Pi54). Five AvrPi54 haplotypes were identified among 142 isolates through the gene sequence. These haplotypes were determined to be avirulent to Pi54 through pathogenicity assay. Four novel haplotypes (H2 to H5) of the AvrPi54 gene would provide new target sites for rice blast control. Haplotype diversity analysis indicated that there existed a lower genetic diversity of AvrPi54 for P. oryzae populations (five haplotypes, Hd = 0.127, π = 2.9 × 10−4) in this study. Neutrality tests showed that AvrPi54’s genetic variation was affected by purified selection. Haplotype network and phylogeny analysis showed that H1 was an ancestral haplotype and was widely distributed in rice isolates and O. rufipogon isolates, while H5 diverged early and evolved independently. These results indicate that the gene evolves slowly and stably and is a comparatively conserved Avr gene.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

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