Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Lowland Rice Growth and Yield (Oryza sativa L.) under Different Farming Practices

Author:

Madhushan Kammala Waththe Asanka12ORCID,Karunarathna Samantha C.13ORCID,Dissanayake Dissanayake Mudiyanselage Dharmasiri2,Priyadarshani Tikka Devage Chamarika2,Stephenson Steven L.4ORCID,Elgorban Abdallah M.5ORCID,Dawoud Turki M.5,Priyashantha Alviti Kankanamalage Hasith6ORCID,Dai Dongqing1ORCID,Yapa Pinnaduwage Neelamanie7,Wang Xiaoyan89

Affiliation:

1. Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China

2. Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka

3. National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka

4. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA

5. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

6. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

7. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka

8. Edible Fungus Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China

9. Luliang Cuan Lu Yuan Mushroom Co., Ltd., Luliang 655607, China

Abstract

In this study, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield responses of Sri Lankan lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) with the application of beneficial Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculum and intercropping with highly mycorrhizal-dependent vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) under two different soil nutrient management systems (NMSs): conventional/chemical (CNMS) and organic (ONMS). The experiment was designed as a split plot with three blocks. Each CNMS and ONMS experiment included an untreated control (T0) and three treatments—AMF inoculation (T1), vetiver intercropping (T2), and the combination of AMF and vetiver (T3). According to the results, the colonization of rice roots with AMF was not affected significantly by the treatments and ranged from 0–15.8%. The effect was very low or absent in the early stage and then higher in the later stages of the rice plant. Furthermore, plant growth was not significantly different between the two NMSs, although grain yield was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ONMS than for the respective controls (T0), with the order T1 (0.45 kg/m2) > T2 (0.42 kg/m2) > T3 (0.41 kg/m2) in CNMS and T2 (0.44 kg/m2) > T1 (0.41 kg/m2) > T3 (0.40 kg/m2), thus suggesting the utilization of AMF and vetiver in a lowland rice farming system is beneficial.

Funder

World Bank Group through the project Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development Operation

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Agronomy and Crop Science

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