Estimation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration with Three Different Machine Learning Models and Limited Meteorological Variables

Author:

Yong Stephen Luo Sheng1,Ng Jing Lin1ORCID,Huang Yuk Feng2ORCID,Ang Chun Kit3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia

2. Department of Civil Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Petaling Jaya 43000, Malaysia

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia

Abstract

Precise reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) estimation plays a key role in agricultural fields as it aids in the proper operation and management of irrigation scheduling. However, reliable ET0 estimation poses a challenge when there is insufficient or incomplete long-term meteorological data at the East Coast Economic Region (ECER), Malaysia, where the economy is highly dependent on agricultural crop production. This study evaluated the performances of different standalone machine learning (ML) models, namely, the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), decision forest regression (DFR), and artificial neural network (ANN) models using four different combinations of meteorological variables. The incorporation of solar radiation enhanced the accuracy of the standalone ML models, demonstrating the role of energetic factors in the evapotranspiration mechanism. Additionally, both the ANN and LGBM models showed overall satisfactory performances, and were thus recommended them as alternate models for ET0 estimation. This was owing to their good capability in capturing the non-linearity and interaction process among the meteorological variables. The outcomes of this study will be advantageous to farmers and policymakers in determining the actual crop water demands to maximize crop productivity in data-scarce tropical regions.

Funder

Fundamental Research Grant Scheme

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Agronomy and Crop Science

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