Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
2. Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
Abstract
In Asia, rice is the most consumed grain by humans, serving as a staple food in India. The yield of rice paddies is easily affected by nutrient deficiencies and leaf diseases. To overcome this problem and improve the yield productivity of rice, nutrient deficiency and leaf disease identification are essential. The main nutrient elements in paddies are potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen (PPN), the deficiency of any of which strongly affects the rice plants. When multiple nutrient elements are deficient, the leaf color of the rice plants is altered. To overcome this problem, optimal nutrient delivery is required. Hence, the present study proposes the use of Fuzzy C Means clustering (FCM) with Improved Tunicate Swarm Optimization (ITSO) to segment the lesions in rice plant leaves and identify the deficient nutrients. The proposed ITSO integrates the Tunicate Swarm Optimization (TSO) and Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) approaches. The Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (HCNN), a deep learning model, is used with ITSO to classify the rice leaf diseases, as well as nutrient deficiencies in the leaves. Two datasets, namely, a field work dataset and a Kaggle dataset, were used for the present study. The proposed HCNN-ITSO classified Bacterial Leaf Bright (BLB), Narrow Brown Leaf Spot (NBLS), Sheath Rot (SR), Brown Spot (BS), and Leaf Smut (LS) in the field work dataset. Furthermore, the potassium-, phosphorus-, and nitrogen-deficiency-presenting leaves were classified using the proposed HCNN-ITSO in the Kaggle dataset. The MATLAB platform was used for experimental analysis in the field work and Kaggle datasets in terms of various performance measures. When compared to previous methods, the proposed method achieved the best accuracies of 98.8% and 99.01% in the field work and Kaggle datasets, respectively.
Reference34 articles.
1. Smart irrigation system for precision agriculture—The AREThOU5A IoT platform;Boursianis;IEEE Sens. J.,2020
2. Anand, R., Mishra, R.K., and Khan, R. (2022). Chapter 9—Plant diseases detection using artificial intelligence. Application of Machine Learning in Agriculture, Academic Press.
3. Chen, L., Lin, L., Cai, G., Sun, Y., Huang, T., Wang, K., and Deng, J. (2014). Identification of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiencies in rice based on static scanning technology and hierarchical identification method. PLoS ONE, 9.
4. From Industry 4.0 to Agriculture 4.0: Current status, enabling technologies, and research challenges;Liu;IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform.,2020
5. (2022, May 29). Available online: https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_nutrientmgt.html.