Is the Direct Soil Application of Two-Phase Olive Mill Waste (Alperujo) Compatible with Soil Quality Protection?
Author:
García-Randez Ana1, Marks Evan A. N.2ORCID, Pérez-Murcia María Dolores1, Orden Luciano13, Andreu-Rodriguez Javier1, Martínez Sabater Encarnación1, Cháfer María Teresa4, Moral Raúl1
Affiliation:
1. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Carretera de Beniel Km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain 2. Soil Science and Environmental Technologies Group, Department of Agrochemistry and Environment, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n., 03202 Elche, Spain 3. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria INTA Ascasubi (EEA INTA Ascasubi), Ruta 3 Km 794, Hilario Ascasubi 8142, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4. Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Abstract
In Spain and other Mediterranean countries, significant quantities of semi-solid olive mill waste are generated, which should be preferentially applied to agricultural soils to close nutrient cycles. However, two-phase olive mill waste (termed alperujo in Spanish) is known to pose risks to soil quality and plant production when applied to soil in large quantities. Alperujo has high contents of polyphenol substances, which can inhibit microbial growth and are also phytotoxic in nature. However, when applied in appropriate quantities and following specific methods, it is possible that the practice may not pose any risks, and this requires evaluation. As a waste management option, direct application of alperujo can supply plant nutrients and organic matter to degradation-prone Mediterranean soils. In order to validate this circular economy fertilization and soil protection strategy, an 18-month field experiment was undertaken, applying moderate quantities of alperujo on permanent crop groves throughout the Spanish region of Valencia. Eleven experimental parcels with permanent crops managed by farmers were identified to test two scenarios: a single application of 10 t/ha, and a second application of 10 t/ha after 10 months. Soil chemical parameters were assessed at 0, 6, 10, and 18 months. Soil organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and polyphenol contents were modified by alperujo application, but these effects were highly transient in nature, with generally no lasting effects after 4–6 months for either application scenario. Also, qualitative evaluations carried out by farmers revealed few effects, although some reductions in erosive processes and improvements in plant vigor were noted. As such, based on the measured parameters, it is concluded that the direct soil application of alperujo olive mill wastes at low application rates did not lead to any lasting detrimental effects on soil quality or compromise the productivity of permanent crops in this Mediterranean region.
Funder
Conselleria de Agricultura, Desarollo Rural, Emergencia Climática y Transición Ecológica Cooperatives Agro-alimentàries
Subject
Agronomy and Crop Science
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