Biomass from Allelopathic Agroforestry and Invasive Plant Species as Soil Amendments for Weed Control—A Review
Author:
Valiño Antía12ORCID, Pardo-Muras María123ORCID, Puig Carolina G.123ORCID, López-Periago J. Eugenio24ORCID, Pedrol Nuria123ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain 2. Sociedad Española de Malherbología (SEMh), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain 3. European Weed Research Society (EWRS), 6705 Wageningen, The Netherlands 4. Institute of Agroecology and Food, Campus Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
Abstract
Effective weed management faces increasing legislative restrictions for the use of herbicides due to their toxicity and environmental persistence. In addition, the linear increase in resistant weeds threatens to render authorized herbicides useless. In a post-herbicide era, under the IWM strategy, allelopathy can play a relevant role since many plants can produce a variety of allelochemicals with different structures and modes of action, capable of inhibiting the germination and growth of different weed species. Inspired by green manuring with cover crops, the use of allelopathic biomass from weeds, invasive species, residues of forestry plantations, and other abundant wild plants has some advantages over green manures grown in situ or other alternatives such as applying plant extracts or essential oils. Beyond the ecosystem services provided by green manures, the potential use of allelopathic biomass offers extra opportunities for the science and practice of holistically integrated weed management because (i) the investment of resources and time for producing cover crops would be alleviated, and (ii), new use of agroforestry residues and a sink for harmful weed biomass is provided. In this review, we compile the current knowledge of those allelopathic species whose biomass, used as soil amendment, effectively controlled weeds. In addition, the complex allelopathic processes underlying the effectiveness of cover crops and allelopathic biomass used as green manures for weed control are revisited.
Subject
Agronomy and Crop Science
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