A Meta-Analysis in Nine Different Continuous Cropping Fields to Find the Relationship between Plant Species and Rhizosphere Fungal Community

Abstract

Plant species and cropping systems influence rhizospheric fungal communities’ composition, diversity, and structure. The fungus community is one of the main factors behind soil health and quality. Yet, there is insufficient evidence and research on the effect of plant species with continuous cropping histories on the rhizospheric fungal community. In order to investigate how the fungal community responds to the various plant species and cropping systems, we have chosen one field that is left fallow along with eight continuously farmed areas to research. Among the eight phyla, the relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly higher in Polygonum multiflorum, which was continuously cropped in fields for two years (P2). Basidiomycota was considerably higher in the fallow field (CK). Among the 1063 genera, the relative abundance of Fusarium was significantly higher in maize continuous-cropped fields for six years (M6), followed by Fritillaria thunbergii continuous-cropped fields for two years (F2), and found lower Fusarium abundance in CK. The alpha diversity observed in taxa, Chao1, and phylogenetic diversity indices were significantly higher in M2. β-diversity found that the fungal communities in the samples clustered from the fields in the same year were quite similar. In all the soil samples, the saprotrophic trophic type was the most common among the OTUs that had been given a function. Our studies have proved that continuous cropping and plant species changed the fungal community’s composition, diversity, and structure. This research may serve as a guide for overcoming significant agricultural challenges and advancing the industry’s sustainable growth.