Maize and Wheat Response to Drought Stress under Varied Sulphur Fertilisation

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the influence of long-lasting moderate (45% field water capacity—FWC) and severe (30% FWC) water stress and application of sulphur (elemental sulphur or sulphate) on the growth, yield and mineral composition of wheat and maize. Concentrations of macro- and micronutrients were determined in the aboveground parts of the plants. Drought stress caused a marked decrease in the growth parameters of both plants. Under both optimal water conditions (60% FWC) and moderate water stress (45% FWC), grain yields of wheat grown without sulphur application were not significantly different. Applying elemental sulphur caused an increase in grain yield under moderate stress, whereas sulphate was more effective in wheat grown under adequate water supply. Severe water stress significantly lowered wheat yield, regardless of sulphur fertilisation. Increasing water stress resulted in a greater reduction in maize growth, with an average 50% decrease in dry mass under severe water stress. Both crops maintained relatively high levels of macro- (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S) and microelements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) and did not suffer noticeably from deficiencies in such. Sulphur application did not modify these relationships. In conclusion, sulphur fertilisation may be recommended in wheat cultivation when plants are exposed to moderate water stress.