Identification of HIR, EDS1 and PAD4 Genes Reveals Differences between Coffea Species That May Impact Disease Resistance

Author:

Tavares Sílvia123,Azinheira Helena12ORCID,Valverde Javier45ORCID,Muñoz-Pajares A. Jesus46,Talhinhas Pedro2ORCID,Silva Maria do Céu12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. CIFC—Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal

2. LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

3. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

4. CIBIO, InBIO—Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal

5. Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de La Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain

6. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

Abstract

Coffee, a widely consumed important agricultural product, is mainly produced from two species, Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and C. canephora (Robusta coffee). Timor Hybrid (HDT) is a population resulting from a natural cross between C. arabica and C. canephora. HDT derivatives have a high spectrum of resistance to different races of Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), the causal agent of coffee leaf rust. A RNAseq database, obtained from HDT832/2 leaves inoculated with Hv (Host Resistance) and Uromyces vignae (Uv, Nonhost Resistance), showed the presence of genes implicated in the hypersensitive response and salicylic acid pathway. Hypersensitive Induced Reaction (HIR) gene family, Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 gene (EDS1), and Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) gene are involved in host and nonhost resistance. Relative expression calculated by RT-qPCR was used to confirm and expand the transcriptome analysis. HDTHIR4, HDTEDS1, and HDTPAD4 showed the highest upregulation in response to Hv and Uv inoculation, confirming a similar trend in host and nonhost resistance in HDT. HIR and EDS1/PAD4 gene families were characterized for the first time in the three available Coffea genomes. HIR genes were quite conserved between Coffea species. Surprisingly, EDS1 and PAD4 genes revealed major differences in gene structure. The PAD4 predicted protein from C. arabica does not include both conserved domains of the EDS1/PAD4 family, and the EDS1 putative protein from C. canephora includes a formin domain unusual in the same protein family. The variability shown by EDS1/PAD4 gene family may impact the disease resistance response of Coffea species, which can be surveyed for the gene sequences that will produce a more resistant phenotype.

Funder

Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and FEDER funds

FCT UNIT LEAF

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Agronomy and Crop Science

Reference54 articles.

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4. Sieff, K. (Washington Post, 2019). The migration problem is a coffee problem, Washington Post.

5. Principles and practice of coffee breeding for resistance to rust and other diseases;Bettencourt;Coffee Agron.,1988

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