Impacts of Liquid Fractions from Two Solid–Liquid Separation Technologies on the Soil Porosity, Ammonia, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Author:

Wang Shanshan1,Wang Wenjing1,Cui Yingxin1,Bai Yichao1,Liu Chunjing12,Liao Wenhua12,Gao Zhiling12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China

2. Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China

Abstract

Application of organic manure on farmland is one of the most important tasks in agricultural recycling. However, few studies have investigated the potential impact of different solid–liquid separation (SLS) technologies on soil porosity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a result of the application of liquid fractions (LFs). A microcosm experiment was conducted to track the emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) from soils (1) without liquid manure application (CK), (2) with a raw dairy slurry (RM), (3) with the liquid fractions of mechanical solid–liquid separation (MS) technologies, and (4) with the LF of an enhanced solid–liquid separation technology including a flocculant (tannic acid, Ta) (MS + Ta). Soil porosities of different treatments were measured using computed tomography (CT). The saturated water conductivities of the RM and MS treatments were 53.38% and 78.63%, respectively, lower than that of the CK. The application of raw slurry and LFs reduced the gas diffusion due to the strong decrease in pore sizes >500 μm and increased gas emissions compared to the CK. Compared with RM, MS had greater N2O and lower CH4 emissions, whereas MS + Ta had lower NH3 and N2O emissions. MS had the greatest CO2-e emissions, mainly owing to high N2O emissions, followed by RM and MS + Ta. The implementation of a simple SLS led to an increase in nitrogen (N) loss and GHG emissions when the resultant LFs were applied to farmlands, whereas high emissions were reduced when a simple SLS was combined with a flocculant, such as Ta. Further research is required to elucidate the reduction mechanism and its effectiveness under field conditions.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province

Publisher

MDPI AG

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