Effect of Tomato Grafting onto Novel and Commercial Rootstocks on Improved Salinity Tolerance and Enhanced Growth, Physiology, and Yield in Soilless Culture

Author:

Alqardaeai Thabit1ORCID,Alharbi Abdulaziz1ORCID,Alenazi Mekhled1,Alomran Abdulrasoul2ORCID,Elfeky Ahmed3ORCID,Osman Mohamed1,Obadi Abdullah1,Aldubai Abdulhakim1,Ortiz Nathaly Rodriguez4,Melino Vanessa4,Tester Mark4ORCID,Pailles Yveline4

Affiliation:

1. Plant Production Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

2. Soil Science Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

3. Agricultural Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

4. Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Grafting high-yielding tomato varieties onto stress-tolerant rootstocks can mitigate the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on plant tomato productivity in arid regions like Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the efficacy of grafting tomatoes onto both novel and commercial rootstocks to enhance salinity tolerance and its impact on growth, physiological parameters, and yield in a soilless culture system. The experiment involved two water quality levels, 2 (S1) and 4 (S2) dS m−1, two growth media types, volcanic rock (M1) and sand (M2), and six grafting treatments: Tone Guitar F1 non-grafted (G1) (commercial scion), grafted onto itself (G2), Tone Guitar F1* Maxifort F1 (G3) (commercial rootstock), and grafting the scion onto three novel rootstocks, X-218 (G4), X-238 (G5), and Alawamiya365 (G6). Growth, physiology, photosynthetic pigments, and yield improved with lower salinity (2 dS m−1) in volcanic rock and with the grafting treatments (G2–G6) compared to the non-grafted treatment (G1). The best results were achieved with the S1M1G5 treatment, where yield increased by 53% compared to the lowest yield in non-grafted plants grown in sand under higher salinity (S2M2G1). All studied traits were adversely affected under high salinity (S2) in sandy media, with the G1 treatment resulting in the lowest values for these traits.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference65 articles.

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