The Application of MgO-Modified Biochars for the Immobilization of Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cr in Stone Crushing and Mining-Polluted Soil
Author:
Saleem Irfan1, Lahori Altaf Hussain1ORCID, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika2ORCID, Afzal Ambreen3, Muhammad Maria Taj4, Ahmed Muhammad Shoaib5, Vambol Viola67ORCID, Vambol Sergij8
Affiliation:
1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan 2. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland 3. National Institute of Maritime Affairs, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi 75260, Pakistan 4. Department of Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan 5. Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshn-e-Iqbal Campus Karachi, Karachi 75300, Pakistan 6. Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, Poland 7. Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic”, 36011 Poltava, Ukraine 8. Department of Occupational and Environmental Safety, National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of MgO 0.5 g/kg loaded in different organic waste materials on the properties of the modified biochars obtained. The waste materials included tea waste, wood waste, water chestnut peel, and pomegranate peel, which were used to create tea waste MgO-modified biochar (TWMgO-MBC), wood waste MgO-modified biochar (WSMgO-MBC), water chestnut peel MgO-modified biochar (WCMgO-MBC), and pomegranate peel MgO-modified biochar (PPMgO-MBC). All the MgO-modified biochars were prepared at 600 °C for 2 h and applied at 0.5 and 1% doses for the immobilization of Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cr in stone crushing and mining-polluted soil and the reduction in their uptake by pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) plant. The greatest fresh and dry biomasses were observed at 45.04% and 31.29%, respectively, with the application of TWMgO-MBC 1% in stone-crushing-polluted soil. The highest degree of immobilization of Ni (76.67%) was observed for the WSMgO-MBC 1% treatment, Cu (73.45%) for WCMgO-MBC 1%, Pb (76.78%) for WSMgO-MBC 1%, and Cr (70.55%) for WCMgO-MBC 1%, in comparison with the control. The maximum uptake of Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cr in the shoot of pearl millet was reduced by 78.43% with WSMgO-MBC 1%, 75.06% with WSMgO-MBC 1%, 90.81% with WCMgO-MBC 1%, and 85.71% with WSMgO-MBC 1% as compared with the control. The greatest reduction in Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cr in the root of pearl millet was observed at 77.81% with WSMgO-MBC 1%, 68.09% with WCMgO-MBC 1%, 84.03% with WCMgO-MBC 1%, and 88.73% with WCMgO-MBC 1%, in comparison with the control. The present study demonstrated that the TWMgO-MBC 1% treatment was highly effective for improving plant growth, while the WSMgO-MBC 1%, and WCMgO-MBC 1% treatments were found to be highly effective for immobilizing heavy metals in polluted soils, thus facilitating safe crop cultivation. Future studies should concentrate on the long-term application of MgO-modified biochars for the remediation of multimetal-polluted soils.
Funder
inistry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland
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