Effect of Biochar on Vermicompost Production: Chemical, Biochemical, and Biological Properties

Author:

Antileo-Mellado Silvia1,Muñoz Cristina2ORCID,Sanchez-Hernandez Juan Carlos3ORCID,Ginebra Milagros4ORCID,Sandoval Marco2

Affiliation:

1. Master in Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 3780000, Chile

2. Department of Soils and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán 3812120, Chile

3. Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Environmental Science and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain

4. Grupo de Geobotánica y Fitogeografía, Instituto Argentino de Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina

Abstract

Farm and industrial residues must be adequately managed to avoid negative environmental implications. In this study, our objective was to evaluate (i) the impact of the co-production of vermicompost using grape bagasse and biochar (BC) on the yield and biochemical, chemical, and biological properties of vermicompost; (ii) the effect of BC on earthworms (Eisenia fetida Sav.). The vermicompost was co-produced over 5 months (n = 4 per treatment) using (i) grape bagasse as the substrate, (ii) earthworms (Eisenia fetida Sav.), and (iii) three BCs (eucalyptus sawdust BC, pig manure BC, and carbonaceous material from poultry litter CM) at 2% (w/w). A control without BC was included. The chemical, microbiological (activity and respiration), enzymatic properties, and enzymatic indices were characterized. After the incubation period, vermicompost yield increased with the application of the three BCs (25% on average). The number of adult earthworms was not affected by any of the BCs. Compared to treatments without BC, those with pig manure BC and eucalyptus BC resulted in maintained or significantly decreased enzymatic activity, indicating that the vermicompost was at an advanced stage of maturity. Eucalyptus BC significantly enriched the C content of the vermicompost by 4.3%, maintaining respiration rates at 18% lower than the treatment without BC. Additionally, pig manure BC generated the lowest respiration rate in the vermicompost (20% lower). We conclude that BC has a positive influence on the vermicompost process, stabilizing organic matter (especially pig manure BC) and improving the potential of vermicompost to store C (when high-C-content BCs are applied).

Funder

Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo

Publisher

MDPI AG

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