1. National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2. MOE Engineering and Research Center for Smart Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
3. MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
4. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
5. Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
6. Department of Geography, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN 56001, USA
7. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan