Network Analysis Reveals Species-Specific Organization of Microbial Communities in Four Co-Occurring Elasmobranch Species along the Georgia Coast

Author:

Lyons Kady1,Bedore Christine N.2,Carlisle Aaron B.3,Moniz Lauren2,Odom Timothy L.2,Ahmed Rokeya2,Greiman Stephen E.2,Freedman Ryan M.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Georgia Aquarium, Center for Species Survival, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA

2. Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA

3. School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA

4. Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA

Abstract

Comparing co-occurring species may provide insights into how aspects of ecology may play a role in influencing their microbial communities. During the 2019 commercial shrimp trawl season off coastal Georgia, swabs of skin, gills, cloaca, and gut were taken for three species of batoids (Butterfly Ray, Bluntnose Stingray, and Atlantic Stingray) and one shark species (Atlantic Sharpnose) for high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. White muscle was analyzed for stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to evaluate potential niche overlap in these four sympatric mesopredators. Significant differences were found in both δ13C and δ15N signatures across species, suggesting a degree of resource partitioning. When examined within tissue type, the host species had a weak effect on β-diversity for cloaca and skin, with no differences found for gill and gut samples. However, network analysis metrics demonstrated a stronger species-specific effect and distinct microbial community relationships were apparent between the shark and batoids, with the former having tighter networks for both internally- and externally-influenced tissues (gut/cloaca and skin/gills, respectively). Despite overlapping habitat use, species’ microbiomes differed in their organizational structuring that paralleled differences in stable isotope results, suggesting a mediating role of species-specific ecology on bacterial microbiomes.

Funder

Georgia Aquarium

Georgia SeaGrant

University of Delaware

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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