Author:
Kuhn Sarah,Gritti Laura,Crooks Daniel,Dombrowski Yvonne
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that are generated from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC). OPC are distributed throughout the CNS and represent a pool of migratory and proliferative adult progenitor cells that can differentiate into oligodendrocytes. The central function of oligodendrocytes is to generate myelin, which is an extended membrane from the cell that wraps tightly around axons. Due to this energy consuming process and the associated high metabolic turnover oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to cytotoxic and excitotoxic factors. Oligodendrocyte pathology is therefore evident in a range of disorders including multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Deceased oligodendrocytes can be replenished from the adult OPC pool and lost myelin can be regenerated during remyelination, which can prevent axonal degeneration and can restore function. Cell population studies have recently identified novel immunomodulatory functions of oligodendrocytes, the implications of which, e.g., for diseases with primary oligodendrocyte pathology, are not yet clear. Here, we review the journey of oligodendrocytes from the embryonic stage to their role in homeostasis and their fate in disease. We will also discuss the most common models used to study oligodendrocytes and describe newly discovered functions of oligodendrocytes.
Reference231 articles.
1. Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology
2. Regenerating CNS myelin — from mechanisms to experimental medicines
3. Myelination and support of axonal integrity by glia
4. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medicin; Hamm, Frankfurt a.M
https://archive.org/details/b21462161
5. Untersuchungen über Gehirn und Rückenmark des Menschen und der Säugetiere; Braunschweig
https://archive.org/details/untersuchungen00deit/page/n8
Cited by
368 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献