Criticality and Recyclability Assessment of Car Parts—A Thermodynamic Simulation-Based Approach

Author:

Iglesias-Émbil Marta,Abadías Alejandro,Valero AliciaORCID,Calvo GuiomarORCID,Reuter Markus Andreas,Ortego AbelORCID

Abstract

Using a thermodynamic approach, this paper identifies the most critical parts of a car, considering their composition. A total of 11 car parts that contain valuable and scarce materials have been selected using thermodynamic rarity, an indicator that helps assess elements and minerals in exergy terms according to their relative scarcity in the crust and the energy required to extract and refine them. A recyclability analysis using a product-centric approach was then undertaken using dedicated software, HSC Chemistry. To that end, the dismantling of these car parts into three main fractions was performed. Each car part was divided into non-ferrous, steel, and aluminum flows. A general metallurgical process was developed and simulated for each flow, including all the required equipment to extract most of the minor but valuable metals. Of the 11 parts, only 7 have a recyclability potential higher than 85%. By treating these selected car parts appropriately, the raw materials’ value recovered from the car can increase by 6%. The approach used in this paper can help provide guidelines to improve the eco-design of cars and can also be applied to other sectors. Ultimately, this paper uniquely introduces simulation-based thermodynamic rarity analysis for thermodynamic based product “design for recycling”.

Funder

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

European Union

SEAT, SA

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

Reference72 articles.

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2. U.S. Department of Commerce (2022, April 20). A Federal Strategy to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals, Available online: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021/01/f82/DOE%20Critical%20Minerals%20and%20Materials%20Strategy_0.pdf.

3. (2022, October 04). Goverment of Canada Canada’s Critical Mineral List, Available online: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/our-natural-resources/minerals-mining/critical-minerals/23414.

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