Influence of Liver Condition and Copper on Selective Parameters of Post-Mortem Dog Tissue Samples

Abstract

One of the liver functions is copper storage, which can be toxic when in excess. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the relationship between hepatic copper and pathology conditions in stored samples from 55 post-mortem dogs (37 Beagles, 12 Labrador Retrievers, and 6 Labrador Mixes). The analyses evaluated data from blood chemistry and complete blood count (CBC) that were measured immediately before euthanasia, and liver biopsies which were harvested at necropsy and frozen at −80 °C. Slides for microscopic evaluation were prepared, and liver copper and plasma metabolites were measured. Hepatic copper was correlated (p ≤ 0.001) with monoacylglycerols, 13-HODE + 9-HODE (13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid + 9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid), and stearoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphocholine. This indicates lipid metabolism modification and cell membrane oxidation. However, hepatic copper was not related to liver histopathology severity or altered liver biomarkers. The severity of liver pathology was positively correlated (p ≤ 0.05) with liver enzymes, bile salts, and glycerophosphocholines, suggesting cholestasis and altered lipid and amino acid metabolism. Liver neoplasia had increased (p ≤ 0.05) metabolites derived from nucleotides, along with an increase (p ≤ 0.05) in α-ketoglutarate from the energy and amino acid metabolism (p ≤ 0.05), suggesting rapid cell division. This study offers further insight regarding changes in metabolism due to hepatic tissue damage.