Shear Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets Depending on Etching Protocol in Direct Bonding Technique

Author:

Nawrocka Agnieszka1ORCID,Nowak Joanna2ORCID,Sauro Salvatore34ORCID,Hardan Louis5ORCID,Bourgi Rim56ORCID,Lukomska-Szymanska Monika1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland

2. University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland

3. Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain

4. Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia

5. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon

6. Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France

Abstract

Successful orthodontic therapy, apart from a proper treatment plan, depends on optimal bracket–enamel adhesion. Among numerous factors affecting adhesion, the type of bracket and preparation of the tooth’s surface are crucial. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets to the enamel’s surface using direct bonding. Forty extracted human premolars were divided into four groups according to the etching method (etch-and-rinse and self-etch) and bracket type. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were determined. The ceramic brackets achieved the highest SBS values both in the self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) protocols. Higher SBS values for ceramic and metallic brackets were found in the ER protocol. In all tested groups, the achieved SBS value was satisfactory to withstand orthodontic and occlusal forces. There was no significant difference in the ARI score between study groups (p = 0.71). The fracture occurred between the bracket base and adhesive material in both types of brackets, which decreased the risk of enamel damage during debonding.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Materials Science

Reference56 articles.

1. Khan, H., and Price, S. (2015). Orthodontic Brackets: Selection, Placement and Debonding, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

2. Failure patterns of different bracket systems and their influence on treatment duration: A retrospective cohort study;Stasinopoulos;Angle Orthod.,2018

3. Khan, H., Mheissen, S., Iqbal, A., Jafri, A.R., and Alam, M.K. (2022). Bracket Failure in Orthodontic Patients: The Incidence and the Influence of Different Factors. BioMed Res. Int., 2022.

4. The effect of variation in mesh-base design on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets;Bishara;Angle Orthod.,2004

5. Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature;Alzainal;Int. J. Dent.,2020

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