Species and Stand Management Options for Wood Production from Small Grower Plantations in Central Vietnam

Abstract

Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium Willd. × A. auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth.) dominates plantation wood production in central Vietnam. Dependence on a single species may increase biological risks. The potential of eucalypt as an alternative was examined by comparing the growth and survival of acacia hybrid and eucalypt hybrid (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake × E. pellita F. Muell.) clones in Quang Tri province at three planting densities (1333, 1667 and 2222 trees ha−1). The experiment was planted on an eroded shallow soil common in the region. At age 5 years, survival of acacia (74%) was higher than that of eucalypt (67%), a consequence of high mortality from wind damage for one eucalypt clone. Eucalypt was taller by about 2 m, but stem diameters of acacia and eucalypt were very similar. For both taxa, diameter decreased significantly as planting density increased. Across planting densities, mean standing volume was 107 and 108 m3 ha−1 for acacia and eucalyptus, respectively. Linear regressions of stocking at 5 years on volume accounted for over half of the variance in acacia and eucalypt plot volumes, demonstrating the strong effect of stocking on yield. There were similarly strong effects of stocking on stem diameter. Acacia hybrid plantations of nearby small growers had stockings at age 5 years that averaged over 2500 stems ha−1. Growers planted at higher densities and allowed their trees to multi-stem. Their standing volumes at age 5 years ranged from 83 to 102 m3 ha−1. Understanding how to reduce tree mortality would assist growers to choose planting densities and stand management that optimise growth, log diameter classes and net returns.