Effective Modeling on Learning Ballet Online

Abstract

After COVID-19, face-to-face learning was changed to online learning. However, very few effective online learning methods were available regarding physical education. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the modeling effects on learning ballet movement in the online system. We aimed to find effective modeling presentations based on objective information, expert assessments, and a kinematic approach. The study included 36 individuals who were divided into an expert modeling group, a self-modeling group, and controls. Participants performed 60 trials of Pas de basque in the acquisition phase and 10 trials without a demonstration video after 24 h. 10 min later, the reversed Pas de basque was conducted for the retention test. All groups showed improved performance after the acquisition phase, which indicated that the modeling presentation was effective despite adopting an online learning system. However, higher expert scores and more accurate joint movements were shown in the expert modeling group compared to the other groups. Therefore, expert modeling seems to be the most effective method for learning high-difficulty tasks with jumps and turns.