Affiliation:
1. School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2. Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved therapeutic procedure that exerts cytotoxic activity towards tumor cells by activating photosensitizers (PSs) with light exposure to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to traditional treatment strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, PDT not only kills the primary tumors, but also effectively suppresses metastatic tumors by activating the immune response. However, the anti-tumor immune effects induced by PDT are influenced by several factors, including the localization of PSs in cells, PSs concentration, fluence rate of light, oxygen concentration, and the integrity of immune function. In this review, we systematically summarize the influence factors of anti-tumor immune effects mediated by PDT. Furthermore, an update on the combination of PDT and other immunotherapy strategies are provided. Finally, the future directions and challenges of anti-tumor immunity induced by PDT are discussed.
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences
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