Effective Mosquito Repellents: Myrcene- and Cymene-Loaded Nanohydrogels against Aedes aegypti

Author:

Duarte Jonatas Lobato1ORCID,Di Filippo Leonardo Delello1ORCID,Ribeiro Tais de Cássia1,Silva Ana Carolina de Jesus2,Hage-Melim Lorane Izabel da Silva2ORCID,Duchon Stéphane3,Carrasco David3,Pinto Mara Cristina4,Corbel Vincent3ORCID,Chorilli Marlus1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil

2. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil

3. IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, MIVEGEC, 34000 Montpellier, France

4. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

Aedes mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant global health threat, necessitating effective control strategies. This study introduces monoterpenes-based nanohydrogels for potential use as repellents against Aedes aegypti, the primary dengue vector worldwide. We formulated hydrogels using cymene- and myrcene-based nanoemulsions with different polymers: chitosan, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and carbopol®. Our evaluations of rheological, texture, and bioadhesive properties identified CMC hydrogel as the most promising gelling agent for topical application, exhibiting sustained monoterpene release over 12 h with low skin permeation and high retention in the stratum corneum. Myrcene-loaded CMC hydrogel achieved a 57% feeding deterrence compared to 47% with cymene hydrogel in the mosquito membrane-feeding model. Molecular docking studies revealed interactions between myrcene and an essential amino acid (Ile116) in the Ae. aegypti odorant-binding protein 22 (AeOBP22), corroborating its higher repellent efficacy. These findings suggest that myrcene-loaded CMC hydrogels offer a promising, minimally invasive strategy for personal protection against Ae. aegypti and warrant further investigation to optimize monoterpene concentrations for vector control.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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