Immune Specific and Tumor-Dependent mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Reprogramming Clinical Translation into Tumor Editing Therapy

Author:

Katopodi Theodora1,Petanidis Savvas12ORCID,Grigoriadou Eirini1,Anestakis Doxakis3ORCID,Charalampidis Charalampos3,Chatziprodromidou Ioanna4ORCID,Floros George5ORCID,Eskitzis Panagiotis6ORCID,Zarogoulidis Paul7ORCID,Koulouris Charilaos7,Sevva Christina7ORCID,Papadopoulos Konstantinos7,Roulia Panagiota7ORCID,Mantalovas Stylianos7ORCID,Dagher Marios7,Karakousis Alexandros Vasileios7ORCID,Varsamis Nikolaos8ORCID,Vlassopoulos Konstantinos9ORCID,Theodorou Vasiliki9,Mystakidou Chrysi Maria9ORCID,Katsios Nikolaos Iason10ORCID,Farmakis Konstantinos11,Kosmidis Christoforos7

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

2. Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia

3. Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus

4. Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patra, 26500 Patra, Greece

5. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece

6. Department of Obstetrics, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece

7. Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece

8. European Interbalkan Medical Center, 55535 Thessaloniki, Greece

9. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

10. Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece

11. Pediatric Surgery Clinic, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Gennimatas”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece

Abstract

Extensive research into mRNA vaccines for cancer therapy in preclinical and clinical trials has prepared the ground for the quick development of immune-specific mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on mRNA are well tolerated, and are an attractive choice for future cancer immunotherapy. Ideal personalized tumor-dependent mRNA vaccines could stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity by overcoming cancer-induced immune suppression and tumor relapse. The stability, structure, and distribution strategies of mRNA-based vaccines have been improved by technological innovations, and patients with diverse tumor types are now being enrolled in numerous clinical trials investigating mRNA vaccine therapy. Despite the fact that therapeutic mRNA-based cancer vaccines have not yet received clinical approval, early clinical trials with mRNA vaccines as monotherapy and in conjunction with checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results. In this review, we analyze the most recent clinical developments in mRNA-based cancer vaccines and discuss the optimal platforms for the creation of mRNA vaccines. We also discuss the development of the cancer vaccines’ clinical research, paying particular attention to their clinical use and therapeutic efficacy, which could facilitate the design of mRNA-based vaccines in the near future.

Funder

ERAPEDMED/PMT-LC

European network

Greek General Secretariat for Research and Innovation

Publisher

MDPI AG

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