Formulation Approaches to Crystalline Status Modification for Carotenoids: Impacts on Dissolution, Stability, Bioavailability, and Bioactivities

Author:

Liu Wan-Yi1ORCID,Hsieh Yun-Shan1ORCID,Ko Horng-Huey1234ORCID,Wu Yu-Tse15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan

2. Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan

3. Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan

4. Drug Development and Value Creation Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan

5. Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan

Abstract

Carotenoids, including carotenes and xanthophylls, have been identified as bioactive ingredients in foods and are considered to possess health-promoting effects. From a biopharmaceutical perspective, several physicochemical characteristics, such as scanty water solubility, restricted dissolution, and susceptibility to oxidation may influence their oral bioavailability and eventually, their effectiveness. In this review, we have summarized various formulation approaches that deal with the modification of crystalline status for carotenoids, which may improve their physicochemical properties, oral absorption, and biological effects. The mechanisms involving crystalline alteration and the typical methods for examining crystalline states in the pharmaceutical field have been included, and representative formulation approaches are introduced to unriddle the mechanisms and effects more clearly.

Funder

Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Kaohsiung Medical University Research Center

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmaceutical Science

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