Development of Organs-on-Chips and Their Impact on Precision Medicine and Advanced System Simulation

Author:

Luo Ying123,Li Xiaoxiao1234ORCID,Zhao Yawei56,Zhong Wen5,Xing Malcolm6,Lyu Guozhong1237

Affiliation:

1. Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China

2. Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China

3. Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China

4. Department of General Surgery, Huai’an 82 Hospital, Huai’an 223003, China

5. Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada

6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada

7. National Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Beijing 100000, China

Abstract

Drugs may undergo costly preclinical studies but still fail to demonstrate their efficacy in clinical trials, which makes it challenging to discover new drugs. Both in vitro and in vivo models are essential for disease research and therapeutic development. However, these models cannot simulate the physiological and pathological environment in the human body, resulting in limited drug detection and inaccurate disease modelling, failing to provide valid guidance for clinical application. Organs-on-chips (OCs) are devices that serve as a micro-physiological system or a tissue-on-a-chip; they provide accurate insights into certain functions and the pathophysiology of organs to precisely predict the safety and efficiency of drugs in the body. OCs are faster, more economical, and more precise. Thus, they are projected to become a crucial addition to, and a long-term replacement for, traditional preclinical cell cultures, animal studies, and even human clinical trials. This paper first outlines the nature of OCs and their significance, and then details their manufacturing-related materials and methodology. It also discusses applications of OCs in drug screening and disease modelling and treatment, and presents the future perspective of OCs.

Funder

National Key R&D Program of China

Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmaceutical Science

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